Nozomi Networks Labs
Defending Critical Infrastructure Against Cyber Risk
Nozomi Networks Labs is dedicated to reducing cyber risk for the world’s industrial and critical infrastructure organizations. Through our cybersecurity research and collaboration with industry and institutions, we’re helping defend the operational systems that support everyday life.
Vulnerability Advisories
Siemens PXC4.E16 Session Cookie Attribute Issues – CVE-2022-24045
The application, after a successful login, sets the session cookie on the browser via client-side JavaScript code, without applying any security attributes (such as “Secure”, “HttpOnly”, or “SameSite”). Any attempts to browse the application via unencrypted HTTP protocol would lead to the transmission of all his/her session cookies in plaintext through the network. An attacker could then be able to sniff the network and capture sensitive information.
Siemens PXC4.E16 Lack of anti-Password Spraying and Credential Stuffing Mechanism – CVE-2022-24044
The login functionality of the application does not employ any countermeasures against Password Spraying attacks or Credential Stuffing attacks. An attacker could obtain a list of valid usernames on the device by exploiting the issue and then perform a precise Password Spraying or Credential Stuffing attack in order to obtain access to at least one account.
Siemens PXC4.E16 Username Enumeration through Response Timing – CVE-2022-24043
The login functionality of the application fails to normalize the response times of login attempts performed with wrong usernames with the ones executed with correct usernames. A remote unauthenticated attacker could exploit this side-channel information to perform a username enumeration attack and identify valid usernames.
Labs Blogs
Vulnerability in Dahua’s ONVIF Implementation Threatens IP Camera Security
We’re publishing the details of a new vulnerability (tracked under CVE-2022-30563) affecting the implementation of the Open Network Video Interface Forum (ONVIF) WS-UsernameToken authentication mechanism in some IP cameras developed by Dahua, a very popular manufacturer of IP-based surveillance solutions. This vulnerability could be abused by attackers to compromise network cameras by sniffing a previous unencrypted ONVIF interaction and replaying the credentials in a new request towards the camera.
Nozomi Networks Discovers Vulnerability in Siemens Building Automation Software
Recently, we had the opportunity to do a security analysis of the Siemens PXC4.E16, a Building Automation System (BAS) of the Desigo/APOGEE family for HVAC and building service plants. In this blog, we are publishing the details of a vulnerability that was caused by an improper implementation of the password-based key derivation mechanism for user accounts. It could also have been abused to perform a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack against the controller.
Nozomi Networks Discovers Unpatched DNS Bug in Popular C Standard Library Putting IoT at Risk
Nozomi Networks Labs discovered a vulnerability (tracked under CVE-2022-05-02, ICS-VU-638779, VU#473698) affecting the Domain Name System (DNS) implementation of all versions of uClibc and uClibc-ng, a popular C standard library in IoT products. The flaw is caused by the predictability of transaction IDs included in the DNS requests generated by the library, which may allow attackers to perform DNS poisoning attacks against the target device.
Webinars & Podcasts
Investigating the Ransomware and IoT Vulnerabilities Landscape
Panelists: Ivan Speziale, Chris Grove
Date: July 27, 2021
Cybercrime continues to rise sharply as threat actors go after industrial targets that can be worth millions in ransomware payments. To help security defenders fight back, Nozomi Networks Labs will share insight from its new research into the current security landscape.
Insights on the Top OT/IoT Security Threats – How to Protect Your Operations
Panelists: Alessandro Di Pinto, Ivan Speziale, Chris Grove
Duration: 50+ minutes
To help you address accelerating OT/IoT security issues, the Nozomi Networks Labs team shares their new research findings on the top threats targeting critical infrastructure and industrial operations. Learn about the current OT/IoT threat landscape, supply chain threats to OT and IoT environments, ransomware risks, and how to protect your critical OT/IoT networks.
P2P Botnets: Following the Network Trail Podcast & Webinar
Panelists: Ivan Speziale, Giannis Tsaraias, Chris Grove
Duration: 30+ minutes
To increase botnet resiliency, threat actors are now using a hybrid model, rather than a pure peer-to-peer one. While disrupting the malicious activity of P2P botnets can be challenges, there are proven strategies that can be follow when a specific network is affected. Learn about how P2P/hybrid botnets operate, how to spot botnet infections in your network, and the most effective ways to disrupt them.
Tools
Guardian Community Edition Assertions (Queries) for COVID-19 Cybersecurity
New assertions (queries) have been added to Guardian Community Edition to help with COVID-19-related cybersecurity challenges.
- Assertions for COVID-19 Network Indicators – Queries that check for communications with malicious IP addresses and URLs
- Assertions for Remote Access Monitoring – Queries that check the number of simultaneous remote connections and generate alerts if the number surpasses a threshold.
COVID-19 Malware: OT and IoT Threat Intelligence
To help your organization proactively detect and prevent COVID-19 themed cyberattacks, download our network indicators, ransomware and malware threat intelligence.
- COVID-19 themed Network Indicators – Network IOCs (Indicators of Compromise)
- COVID-19-Themed Ransomware Rules – Yara rules for detecting coronavirus ransomware
- COVID-19 Informer Malware Rules– Yara rules for detecting COVID-19 Informer malware
- COVID-19-Themed Hash – List of hashes that detect malicious files
- COVID-19 Chinoxy Backdoor Malware – SNORT rule for detecting network infection
URGENT/11 Nmap NSE Script for Detecting Vulnerabilities
- Our Nmap NSE script for detecting URGENT/11 vulnerabilities is a research tool for quickly checking industrial systems for vulnerable assets based on the version of VxWorks exposed within the FTP service.
- Due the fact that is not always possible to detect the running version, we recommend that industrial operators use full featured security products for effective vulnerability assessment.
Reports
UWB Real Time Locating Systems: How Secure Radio Communications May Fail in Practice
Learn about zero-day vulnerabilities in RTLS that may be used to target people and objects, and how to implement a secure wireless network infrastructure.
OT/IoT Security Report 2022 1H: Cyber War Insights, Threats and Trends, Recommendations
Learn about the current threat landscape and tactics used by threat actors during the Russia/Ukraine war, along with IoT and vulnerability trends.
Industroyer vs. Industroyer2: Evolution of the IEC 104 Component
Learn about the OT capabilities of Industroyer2, major changes between Industroyer and Industroyer2, and how the codebase has evolved.
Research Projects
IEC 62351 Standards for Securing Power System Communications
IEC Working Group 15 (WG15) is developing technology standards for secure-by-design power systems. Labs contributes to the standards and has demonstrated how they can be used to identify hard-to-detect cyberattacks. Research from this effort was presented at Black Hat USA 2019.
GreyEnergy: Dissecting the Malware from Maldoc to Backdoor
The Labs team reverse engineered the GreyEnergy malicious document (maldoc) that leads to the installation of the malware (backdoor) on a victim’s network. Project outcomes include a report, multiple blogs and two free tools for security researchers.
TRITON: The First ICS Cyberattack on Safety Instrument Systems
TRITON is the first known cyberattack that directly interacted with a Safety Instrumented System (SIS). Labs reverse engineered the TriStation suite of software and delivered a report and two free tools for security researchers. This research was presented at Black Hat USA 2018.
Threat Intelligence
Curated and maintained by Nozomi Networks Labs, the Threat Intelligence™ service provides threat and vulnerability updates to Guardian, making it easy for IT/OT professionals to stay on top of current OT and IoT risks.
“Threat actors love finding new ways to attack critical infrastructure. We love finding new ways to detect their malware before damage occurs.”
© 2022 Nozomi Networks, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.